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The Indian state of Kerala borders with the states of Tamil Nadu on the south and east, Karnataka on the north and the Arabian Sea coastline on the west. The Western Ghats, bordering the eastern boundary of the State, form an almost continuous mountain wall, except near Palakkad where there is a natural mountain pass known as the Palakkad Gap.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kerala :General Features )〕 When the independent India amalgamated small states together Travancore and Cochin states were integrated to form Travancore-Cochin state on 1 July 1949. However, Malabar remained under the Madras province. The States Reorganisation Act of 1 November 1956 elevated Kerala to statehood.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Know India :Kerala )〕 The state of Kerala is divided into 14 revenue districts. On the basis of geographical, historical and cultural similarities, the districts are generally grouped into three parts. The ''North Kerala'' districts of Kasaragod, Kannur, Wayanad, Kozhikode and Malappuram; the ''Kochi region, Central Kerala'' districts of Palakkad, Thrissur, and Ernakulam; and ''Travancore, South Kerala'' districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kottayam, and Idukki.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kerala has 14 districts )〕 Such a regional division occurred being part of historical Kingdoms of Kochi, Travancore and British Province of Malabar. The Travancore region is again divided into 3 zones as Northern Travancore (Hill Range) (Idukki and parts of Ernakulam), Central Travancore (Central Range) (Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha and Kottayam) and Southern Travancore (South Range) (Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam). Almost all of the districts in Kerala have the same name as the important town or city in the district, the exception being Idukki district, Wayanad district& Ernakulam district. The 14 districts are further divided into 62 taluks, 999 revenue villages and 1007 Gram panchayats. Some of the districts and their towns were renamed in 1990 like Thiruvananthapuram (formerly known as ''Trivandrum''), Kollam (''Quilon'' or ''Venad''), Alappuzha (''Alleppey''),〔〔As per GO(P) No.133/90/RD dated 7.2.90, Government of Kerala〕 Thrissur (''Trichur'' or ''Thirushivaperur''), Palakkad (''Palghat''), Kozhikode (''Calicut'') and Kannur (''Cannanore''). ==Administrative structure== Kerala State has been divided into 14 districts, 21 revenue divisions, 14 District Panchayats, 75 taluks, 152 CD blocks, 1453 revenue villages, 978 Gram panchayats, 5 corporations, 60 municipalities and 1 Township.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kerala at a Glance )〕 A district is governed by a District Collector, who is an officer from Indian Administrative Service (IAS) of Kerala cadre and is appointed by the State Government of Kerala. Functionally the district administration is carried on through the various Departments of the State Government each of which has an office of its own the district level. The District Collector is the executive leader of the district administration and the District Officers of the various Departments in the district render technical advice to him in the discharge of his duties. The District Collector is a key functionary of Government having large powers and responsibilities. He has a dual role to both as the agent of the Government of the state and also as the representative of the people in the district. He is also responsible for the maintenance of the law and order of the district.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=District Administration [sic] )〕 Other than urban units such as town municipalities and rural units called Gram panchayats, other government administrative subdivisions includes taluks and 'community development blocks' (also known as CD blocks or blocks). A taluk consists of urban units such as census towns and rural units called gram panchayats. The ''Tahsildar'' in charge of each taluk is primarily the Revenue Official responsible for the collection of revenue of the taluk, but he is also expected to be in direct contact with the people at all levels and to have first hand knowledge of the conditions of every village under his jurisdiction. The Tahsildar is assisted in each village by village officers and village assistants.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Taluks and Villages )〕 A block also consists of such as census towns and Gram panchayats. A block is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), who is appointed by the Government of Kerala. A gram panchayat, which consists of a group of villages, is administered by a village council headed by a Gram Panchayat President. A District Superintendent of Police, better known as a Superintendent of Police, heads the District Police organization of Kerala Police. This is as per the Police Act of 1861, which is applicable to the whole of India.〔(【引用サイトリンク】The Police Act, 1861 )〕 The Superintendents of Police are officers of the Indian Police Service.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Indian Police Service (Uniform) Rules ) 〕 For every subdivision, there is a Subdivision Police, headed by a Police officer of the rank of Assistant Superintendent of Police or Deputy Superintendent of Police. Under subdivisions, there are Police Circles, each headed by an Inspector of Police.〔 A Police Circle consists of Police Stations, each headed by an Inspector of Police, or in case of rural areas, by a Sub-Inspector of Police.〔 The Kerala High Court has the jurisdiction of the state of Kerala. Each of the districts has a District Court. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of districts in Kerala」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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